Section author: Danielle J. Navarro and David R. Foxcroft

Factorial ANOVA

Over the course of the last few chapters we have done quite a lot. We have looked at statistical tests you can use when you have one nominal predictor variable with two groups (e.g. the t-test, chapter Comparing two means) or with three or more groups (e.g. in chapter Comparing several means: One-way ANOVA). The chapter on Correlation and linear regression introduced a powerful new idea, that is building statistical models with multiple continuous predictor variables used to explain a single outcome variable . For instance, a regression model could be used to predict the number of errors a student makes in a reading comprehension test based on the number of hours they studied for the test and their score on a standardised IQ test.

The goal in this chapter is to extend the idea of using multiple predictors into the ANOVA framework. For instance, suppose we were interested in using the reading comprehension test to measure student achievements in three different schools, and we suspect that girls and boys are developing at different rates (and so would be expected to have different performance on average). Each student is classified in two different ways: on the basis of their gender and on the basis of their school. What we’d like to do is analyse the reading comprehension scores in terms of both of these grouping variables . The tool for doing so is generically referred to as factorial ANOVA. However, since we have two grouping variables , we sometimes refer to the analysis as a two-way ANOVA, in contrast to the one-way ANOVAs that we ran in chapter Comparing several means (one-way ANOVA).